1. Paste Spring Festival couplets
Spring Festival couplets originated from Taofu. "Taofu" is a rectangular mahogany board hung on both sides of the gate in the Zhou Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, people began to write couplets on mahogany boards, which can drive away evil and suppress evil; Also expressed their good wishes; Another function is to decorate the portal and look beautiful.
2. New Year pictures
In many places, the custom of pasting New Year pictures is still preserved in order to pray for the happiness, longevity and well-being of a family. It is said that putting two door gods on the gate will frighten all demons and ghosts. Door gods are usually in pairs. One is a white face and the other is a black face. They are all black bows with swords, which are extremely powerful.
Who are these two door gods? There are several popular sayings:
First, the two door gods are divine tea and Yu Lei. It is recorded in the records of Jingchu years of age by Zong Yu of the Southern Dynasty (Liang Dynasty): on the first day of the first month, "building a peach board to the door, which is called immortal wood, painting two gods around the door, left divine tea and right Yu Lei, which is commonly known as the door god".
Second, it comes from Emperor Taizong's order that Qin Qiong and Wei chigong guard the door to expel ghosts. It is said that Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was ill and was restless all night when he heard the call of ghosts outside the door. At this time, general Qin Qiong and general Yuchi Gong volunteered and stood on both sides of the palace gate. The next night, the palace was really safe and there were no more ghosts to disturb. Later, Emperor Taizong Li Shimin thought that it was too hard for the two generals to guard them all night, so he ordered painters to paint their powerful images on the palace gate, known as the "door god", to dispel ghosts and demons. Later, the common people followed suit and pasted the portraits of the two generals on the door.
3. Paste Fu characters
Every Spring Festival, every family should stick the word "Fu" on their doors and walls. The word "Fu" is pasted, which means "good luck" and "good luck". Others paste the word "blessing" upside down, implying "happiness has arrived" and "blessing has arrived".
4. Set off firecrackers
Firecrackers are also called "firecrackers". In ancient times, when people got up on the morning of the first lunar month, they first burned the bamboo in the fire. The bamboo burst and made a huge sound, which could scare away monsters and evil spirits and protect the safety of the whole family.
With the changes of the times, the function of firecrackers has changed from guarding against evil spirits to creating a festive, peaceful and lively atmosphere.
Now, many cities in China have banned setting off firecrackers because of safety, noise and pollution.
5. Lion dance
In people's mind, the lion is a auspicious beast, symbolizing good luck, happiness and well-being. Chinese folk tradition holds that dancing lions can ward off evil spirits. Therefore, on every festive Festival, gongs and drums will be played and lions will be danced to cheer up.
6. New Year's Eve vigil
ShouSui is the custom of staying up late on the last night of the old year to welcome the arrival of the new year.
After the Qin and Han Dynasties, people regarded midnight as the beginning of the day. Therefore, people light candles or oil lamps and wait for this moment. It symbolizes driving away all evil plagues and diseases and looking forward to the good luck of the new year.
7. Offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors
On the first morning of the first month, people respectfully offer offerings, light incense, and sincerely thank the gods and ancestors for their protection in the past year. And pray for them to bless everyone's happiness and health in the coming year.
8. New Year greetings and lucky money
The custom of paying New Year's greetings was already on New Year's Eve in the Han Dynasty, especially in the Tang and Song dynasties.
In modern China, New Year greetings have become a traditional custom. On the first day of the first month, people get up early, put on beautiful clothes, dress up neatly, pay New Year's greetings to relatives and friends.
In ancient times, after offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors, the younger generation should pay New Year's greetings to the elders and kowtow to the elders three times. After accepting the new year's greetings, the elders brought out the prepared melon seeds, peanuts, candy and other foods for the younger generation to taste, and distributed the prepared red envelopes to the younger generation. This is lucky money.
New year's money can be given in public or secretly placed under the child's pillow when the child is asleep on New Year's Eve.
9. Diet
On New Year's Eve, no matter how far away they are from home, whether they have money or not, people always want to go home and have a reunion dinner. According to tradition, the diet of the Spring Festival usually consists of rice cakes, chaos, dumplings, long noodles, glutinous rice balls, chickens, ducks, geese and so on.
10. Make Lantern Festival
The 15th day of the first month is the first full moon night of the whole year, so it is called yuanxiao. In order to show respect for the Buddha, Emperor Ming of the Eastern Han Dynasty ordered the Lantern Festival to be lit. In the Tang Dynasty, the Lantern Festival was an unprecedented event.It can be said that the Lantern Festival carnival on the 15th of the first month has brought the whole spring festival to a successful end.
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